For at least a month and a half, Helena Iara has been using words, but it's only in the last day or two that I'm confident that she understands that words aren't only useful, but also can signify. And the word that has shown this fact is the very simple "ball", which she says (and repeats and repeats) in both Portuguese (bola) and English.Neurologists and linguists who work with language acquisition talk about "semantic over-reach," lingo which just means that when babies begin to understand how words refer to things, they think the word means a much broader category than it really does. The classic example is a child who learns the word "doggie", and then declares any four-legged animal, from a puppy to a lion, a "doggie". Language learning happens through paring down our knowledge, chiseling away the meanings that don't work so that we get down to the "real" meaning of a word ("real" in scare quotes because it is always a little flexible, turned into a metaphor, and in flux).
For Helena, what that means is that any sphere is a ball. She has a little ball that she loves to kick, but she also likes a full-sized soccer ball and an interesting little empty ball with lots of holes. Oranges and apples are also balls, as are passion fruit... a problem when she declares "ball" and throws them onto the tile floor. The truth is, though, that an orange seems more similar to her little ball than either the empty ball or the soccer ball: she's developed a theory about "ball-ness" and is trying to apply it.We don't lose this tendency as we grow up; it just changes. In college, for instance, marxist cultural theory was my "ball", something I tried to apply to everything. Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory? Jane Austin? Post-modern philosophy? The drinking culture of small, liberal arts colleges? A combination of Georg Lukacs, Walter Benjamin, and Herbert Marcuse offered an explanation and solution to everything, generally detailed with excessive pedantry (and a bit of humor) in my monthly column in a college magazine.
Now this isn't a bad thing, even as I make fun of my younger self. Helena's joyful shouts of "bola, ball!" as she sees anything round make her excited about the world, curious and thrilled about learning. The same was true of my own theoretical over-reach, and it continues to be: finding an idea that you love is essential not just to intellectual life, but to life itself.
In the long run, we all learn that an apple isn't a ball, and that if we throw it on the ground, it will be too bruised to eat.
