American hip-hop is most famous for its misogyny and violence, but Brazilian hip-hop has stayed more true to the movement's roots: in Brooklyn and the Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s, rap and breakdance served as a way to transform gang conflict into artistic conflict. Instead of fighting with knives and guns, hip-hop artists fight with dance moved and rhyme. Over the next dozen years, before rap got co-opted by the music industry, rappers, dancers, and graffiti artists developed a comprehensive philosophy of black self-help, valuing the beauty of the slum, and calling for social justice.
How does this make sense to a little girl? Not through words like "social justice" or "combatting discrimination." She liked the dancing and and music, things that fit into her world of fun and beauty. Quite a few times, Okado, Dita, and Adriano took advantage of a break in their classes to teach her the basic moves of breakdancing, turning our kitchen into an improvised dance floor. And by the end of the three weeks, Helena had memorized the chorus and several of the verses of Okado's most famous rap, "Morar na Favela não é fácil" ("It ain't easy to live in the 'hood"), which has become a kind of anthem for kids in the favelas of Recife (we filmed this music video of it last year).
There is a lesson to philosophers -- and others who want kids to think and learn -- here. We put a lot of effort into words: words in books, words in lectures, words memorized and repeated. But the attraction of hip-hop -- and its secret to inspiring frequently illiterate kids from the urban periphery to learn, to write, to make art -- is that it is fun. It uses the body in dance. The ear in music. Like most great philosophical movements in antiquity (the ones that actually made a broad impact on the world, unlike today's phenomenology or analytic philosophy of language), hip-hop is an integrated way of thinking that includes the body, culture, sound, and being-together. The Stoics included spiritual practices with their thinking; the Epicurians food and physical exercise. Buddhism and Christianity, now understood as religions, also started as philosophical-cultural movements. In all of those cases, philosophy was a way of life, not a way of thought.
And thanks to Okado, Adriano, and Dita, Helena was initiated into one of the more interesting of those movements over the last couple of weeks.
